Construction Law and Quality Management
Expert-defined terms from the Postgraduate Certificate in Quality Management in Construction course at London School of Planning and Management. Free to read, free to share, paired with a globally recognised certification pathway.
A10 #
The A10 refers to a specific form used in the construction industry for the notification of a potential variation to a contract. This form is typically used to alert the client or the project manager of a possible change in the scope of work, which may result in additional costs or time extensions. Related terms include variation order and contract amendment. The A10 form is an essential tool in construction law, as it helps to minimize disputes and ensures that all parties are aware of the potential changes to the project.
Acceleration #
Acceleration in construction refers to the process of completing a project or a specific task ahead of the scheduled time. This can be achieved through various means, such as increasing the workforce, working extended hours, or using more efficient methods. Related terms include fast tracking and crashing. Acceleration can be beneficial in reducing the overall project duration and saving costs, but it can also increase the risk of errors and defects.
Acceptance #
Acceptance in construction law refers to the formal approval of a completed project or a specific task by the client or the project manager. This acceptance is usually indicated through a certificate of completion or a final inspection report. Related terms include practical completion and final acceptance. Acceptance is a critical stage in the construction process, as it marks the end of the project and the beginning of the defects liability period.
Access #
Access in construction refers to the ability to enter or approach a construction site or a specific area within the site. This can be crucial for the delivery of materials, the movement of personnel, and the execution of the work. Related terms include site access and restricted access. Ensuring adequate access is essential for the smooth execution of construction projects, as it can impact the project schedule and budget.
Accountability #
Accountability in construction refers to the responsibility of individuals or organizations for their actions and decisions. This includes being answerable for any mistakes, errors, or defects that may occur during the project. Related terms include transparency and responsibility. Accountability is vital in construction, as it promotes a culture of trust and reliability among project stakeholders.
Accuracy #
Accuracy in construction refers to the degree of precision and correctness in the execution of the work. This includes ensuring that the project is built according to the design specifications, and that all materials and components meet the required standards. Related terms include precision and quality control. Achieving high accuracy is crucial in construction, as it can impact the safety, functionality, and durability of the built asset.
ACI #
The ACI refers to the American Concrete Institute, which is a professional organization that promotes the use of concrete in construction. The ACI provides guidelines, standards, and certifications for concrete construction, and is widely recognized as a leading authority in the field. Related terms include concrete standards and concrete certification. The ACI plays a vital role in promoting best practices and improving the quality of concrete construction.
Active Listening #
Active listening in construction refers to the process of fully concentrating on and comprehending the message being communicated by others. This includes paying attention to verbal and non-verbal cues, and responding appropriately to ensure understanding. Related terms include effective communication and clear communication. Active listening is essential in construction, as it helps to prevent misunderstandings and errors.
Activity #
An activity in construction refers to a specific task or operation that is part of the overall project. This can include site preparation, excavation, foundation work, and other construction activities. Related terms include task and operation. Activities are the building blocks of construction projects, and are typically scheduled and managed to ensure the successful completion of the project.
Actual Cost #
Actual cost in construction refers to the real cost of completing a project or a specific task, as opposed to the estimated or budgeted cost. This can include the cost of materials, labor, equipment, and other expenses. Related terms include direct cost and indirect cost. Understanding the actual cost is crucial in construction, as it can impact the project budget and profitability.
Adjudication #
Adjudication in construction refers to the process of resolving disputes through a neutral third-party decision. This can include disputes related to payment, defects, or other issues. Related terms include arbitration and mediation. Adjudication is a popular method of dispute resolution in construction, as it is often faster and less expensive than litigation.
Administer #
To administer a construction contract refers to the process of managing and enforcing the terms and conditions of the agreement. This can include ensuring compliance with the contract provisions, resolving disputes, and making decisions on contractual matters. Related terms include contract administration and contract management. Effective contract administration is vital in construction, as it can impact the success of the project.
ADR #
ADR refers to Alternative Dispute Resolution, which includes methods of resolving disputes without going to court. This can include arbitration, mediation, and adjudication. Related terms include dispute resolution and conflict resolution. ADR is a popular approach in construction, as it can help to reduce costs, save time, and preserve relationships.
AE #
The AE refers to the Architectural Engineer, which is a professional responsible for designing and developing building systems and structures. The AE plays a critical role in ensuring that the building is safe, functional, and meets the required standards. Related terms include building design and structural engineering. The AE is a key member of the construction team, and works closely with other professionals to deliver successful projects.
AEC #
The AEC refers to the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction industry, which includes all professionals and organizations involved in the design, construction, and management of built assets. The AEC industry is a significant sector of the economy, and plays a vital role in creating and maintaining infrastructure, buildings, and other constructed facilities. Related terms include construction industry and built environment. The AEC industry is constantly evolving, with new technologies, materials, and methods being developed to improve efficiency, quality, and sustainability.
Aerial Lift #
An aerial lift in construction refers to a type of equipment used to lift personnel or materials to high places. This can include boom lifts, scissor lifts, and other types of aerial equipment. Related terms include access equipment and height access. Aerial lifts are commonly used in construction, as they provide a safe and efficient way to access high areas.
Agreement #
A agreement in construction refers to a mutual understanding or contract between two or more parties. This can include contracts, subcontracts, and other types of agreements. Related terms include contract and subcontract. Agreements are essential in construction, as they define the terms and conditions of the project, and provide a framework for resolving disputes.
AHJ #
The AHJ refers to the Authority Having Jurisdiction, which is the organization or individual responsible for enforcing laws, regulations, and standards related to construction. The AHJ can include local building authorities, regulatory agencies, and other organizations. Related terms include building codes and regulatory compliance. The AHJ plays a critical role in ensuring that construction projects are safe, compliant, and meet the required standards.
AI #
AI refers to Artificial Intelligence, which is the use of computer systems to perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence. In construction, AI can be used for a variety of applications, including project management, quality control, and safety monitoring. Related terms include machine learning and data analytics. AI has the potential to transform the construction industry, by improving efficiency, productivity, and decision-making.
AL #
The AL refers to the Architectural League, which is a professional organization that promotes excellence in architecture and urban design. The AL provides a platform for architects, designers, and other professionals to share knowledge, ideas, and best practices. Related terms include architecture and urban design. The AL plays a vital role in promoting innovation and excellence in the built environment.
Allowance #
An allowance in construction refers to a provision or allocation of funds or resources for a specific purpose or activity. This can include allowances for contingencies, unexpected expenses, or changes to the project scope. Related terms include contingency fund and budget allocation. Allowances are essential in construction, as they provide a buffer against unexpected costs or changes.
Alternative #
An alternative in construction refers to a different approach, method, or solution to a problem or challenge. This can include alternative materials, designs, or construction methods. Related terms include innovation and value engineering. Alternatives are often used in construction to improve efficiency, reduce costs, or enhance the quality of the built asset.
Ambient #
Ambient in construction refers to the surrounding environment or conditions in which a project is being executed. This can include the weather, temperature, humidity, and other environmental factors. Related terms include environmental conditions and site conditions. Understanding the ambient conditions is crucial in construction, as they can impact the project schedule, budget, and quality.
AO #
The AO refers to the Architect's Opinion, which is a professional judgment or assessment provided by an architect on a specific matter related to the project. The AO can be used to resolve disputes, provide guidance, or offer expert advice. Related terms include expert opinion and professional judgment. The AO is a valuable resource in construction, as it provides an independent and expert assessment of the project.
AOB #
The AOB refers to Any Other Business, which is a term used to describe any additional or miscellaneous items that need to be discussed or addressed in a meeting or communication. Related terms include agenda item and action item. AOB is often used in construction meetings to ensure that all relevant topics are covered and discussed.
Application #
An application in construction refers to a request or submission for approval, permission, or funding for a specific project or activity. This can include applications for building permits, zoning approvals, or government grants. Related terms include permit application and funding application. Applications are a critical step in the construction process, as they provide a formal mechanism for seeking approval or support.
Approval #
Approval in construction refers to the formal acceptance or endorsement of a project, design, or activity by a relevant authority or stakeholder. This can include approvals from building authorities, clients, or other stakeholders. Related terms include permission and authorization. Approval is a vital step in the construction process, as it provides a formal validation of the project and its compliance with relevant regulations and standards.
APWA #
The APWA refers to the American Public Works Association, which is a professional organization that promotes excellence in public works and infrastructure development. The APWA provides a platform for professionals to share knowledge, ideas, and best practices in the field. Related terms include public works and infrastructure development. The APWA plays a vital role in promoting innovation and excellence in the construction of public infrastructure.
ASCE #
The ASCE refers to the American Society of Civil Engineers, which is a professional organization that promotes excellence in civil engineering and construction. The ASCE provides a platform for professionals to share knowledge, ideas, and best practices in the field. Related terms include civil engineering and construction engineering. The ASCE plays a vital role in promoting innovation and excellence in the construction industry.
ASHRAE #
The ASHRAE refers to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, which is a professional organization that promotes excellence in the design and operation of building systems. The ASHRAE provides a platform for professionals to share knowledge, ideas, and best practices in the field. Related terms include building systems and mechanical engineering. The ASHRAE plays a vital role in promoting innovation and excellence in the construction of building systems.
ASLA #
The ASLA refers to the American Society of Landscape Architects, which is a professional organization that promotes excellence in landscape architecture and design. The ASLA provides a platform for professionals to share knowledge, ideas, and best practices in the field. Related terms include landscape architecture and site design. The ASLA plays a vital role in promoting innovation and excellence in the construction of outdoor spaces and landscapes.
ASME #
The ASME refers to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, which is a professional organization that promotes excellence in mechanical engineering and construction. The ASME provides a platform for professionals to share knowledge, ideas, and best practices in the field. Related terms include mechanical engineering and construction engineering. The ASME plays a vital role in promoting innovation and excellence in the construction of mechanical systems and equipment.
ASPE #
The ASPE refers to the American Society of Plumbing Engineers, which is a professional organization that promotes excellence in plumbing engineering and construction. The ASPE provides a platform for professionals to share knowledge, ideas, and best practices in the field. Related terms include plumbing engineering and construction engineering. The ASPE plays a vital role in promoting innovation and excellence in the construction of plumbing systems and equipment.
Assessment #
An assessment in construction refers to the evaluation or appraisal of a project, design, or activity to determine its feasibility, viability, or compliance with relevant regulations and standards. This can include assessments of the project's environmental impact, structural integrity, or compliance with building codes. Related terms include evaluation and appraisal. Assessment is a critical step in the construction process, as it provides a formal mechanism for evaluating the project and identifying potential risks or issues.
Assignment #
An assignment in construction refers to the transfer or delegation of a task, responsibility, or contract to another party. This can include assignments of subcontractors, consultants, or other stakeholders. Related terms include delegation and subcontracting. Assignment is a common practice in construction, as it allows for the efficient allocation of resources and expertise.
Assistance #
Assistance in construction refers to the provision of support, guidance, or resources to help complete a project or activity. This can include assistance from consultants, subcontractors, or other stakeholders. Related terms include support and guidance. Assistance is essential in construction, as it can help to ensure the successful completion of the project.
Assumption #
An assumption in construction refers to a hypothesis or premise that is used as the basis for a decision, design, or calculation. This can include assumptions about the project's scope, schedule, budget, or environmental impact. Related terms include hypothesis and premise. Assumptions are often used in construction to inform decision-making and guide the project's development.
Assessor #
An assessor in construction refers to a professional who evaluates or assesses a project, design, or activity to determine its feasibility, viability, or compliance with relevant regulations and standards. This can include assessors who evaluate the project's environmental impact, structural integrity, or compliance with building codes. Related terms include evaluator and appraiser. Assessors play a critical role in construction, as they provide an independent and expert assessment of the project.
As #
Built: As-built in construction refers to the final documentation of a project, including all changes, modifications, and updates made during the construction process. This can include as-built drawings, specifications, and other documentation. Related terms include record drawings and final documentation. As-built documentation is essential in construction, as it provides a formal record of the project's completion and any changes made during the construction process.
ASCA #
The ASCA refers to the American Society of Consulting Arborists, which is a professional organization that promotes excellence in arboriculture and tree care. The ASCA provides a platform for professionals to share knowledge, ideas, and best practices in the field. Related terms include arboriculture and tree care. The ASCA plays a vital role in promoting innovation and excellence in the care and management of trees and other vegetation.
ASHI #
The ASHI refers to the American Society of Home Inspectors, which is a professional organization that promotes excellence in home inspection and evaluation. The ASHI provides a platform for professionals to share knowledge, ideas, and best practices in the field. Related terms include home inspection and building evaluation. The ASHI plays a vital role in promoting innovation and excellence in the inspection and evaluation of homes and other buildings.
ASID #
The ASID refers to the American Society of Interior Designers, which is a professional organization that promotes excellence in interior design and decoration. The ASID provides a platform for professionals to share knowledge, ideas, and best practices in the field. Related terms include interior design and decoration. The ASID plays a vital role in promoting innovation and excellence in the design and decoration of interior spaces.
ASQ #
The ASQ refers to the American Society for Quality, which is a professional organization that promotes excellence in quality management and assurance. The ASQ provides a platform for professionals to share knowledge, ideas, and best practices in the field. Related terms include quality management and quality assurance. The ASQ plays a vital role in promoting innovation and excellence in the management of quality in construction projects.
Assumption of Risk #
Assumption of risk in construction refers to the acceptance of potential risks or hazards by a party, such as a contractor or subcontractor. This can include assumptions of risk related to site conditions, weather, or other environmental factors. Related terms include risk acceptance and risk management. Assumption of risk is a critical concept in construction, as it can impact the allocation of risk and responsibility among project stakeholders.
Asymmetric Risk #
Asymmetric risk in construction refers to a situation where one party bears a disproportionate amount of risk or responsibility, such as a contractor or subcontractor. This can include asymmetric risks related to site conditions, weather, or other environmental factors. Related terms include risk imbalance and risk allocation. Asymmetric risk is a common challenge in construction, as it can impact the fairness and equity of the project's risk allocation.
At #
Risk: At-risk in construction refers to a situation where a party, such as a contractor or subcontractor, is exposed to potential risks or hazards, such as site conditions, weather, or other environmental factors. Related terms include risk exposure and risk management. At-risk situations are common in construction, as they can impact the project's schedule, budget, and quality.
Attenuation #
Attenuation in construction refers to the reduction or mitigation of potential risks or hazards, such as site conditions, weather, or other environmental factors. This can include attenuation measures related to safety, quality, or environmental impact. Related terms include risk reduction and mitigation. Attenuation is a critical concept in construction, as it can impact the project's risk profile and overall success.
Attributable Risk #
Attributable risk in construction refers to the proportion of risk or responsibility that can be attributed to a specific party, such as a contractor or subcontractor. This can include attributable risks related to site conditions, weather, or other environmental factors. Related terms include risk allocation and responsibility. Attributable risk is a common challenge in construction, as it can impact the fairness and equity of the project's risk allocation.
Audit #
An audit in construction refers to a systematic examination or evaluation of a project, design, or activity to determine its compliance with relevant regulations, standards, or quality requirements. This can include audits of the project's financial management, safety record, or environmental impact. Related terms include examination and evaluation. Audits are a critical tool in construction, as they provide a formal mechanism for evaluating the project's compliance and identifying areas for improvement.
Augmentation #
Augmentation in construction refers to the process of adding or supplementing resources, such as personnel, equipment, or materials, to enhance the project's capacity or capability. This can include augmentations related to safety, quality, or productivity. Related terms include resource allocation and capacity building. Augmentation is a common practice in construction, as it can impact the project's efficiency, effectiveness, and overall success.
Authentic #
Authentic in construction refers to something that is genuine, real, or true to its original purpose or intention. This can include authentic materials, designs, or construction methods. Related terms include genuine and original. Authenticity is a critical concept in construction, as it can impact the project's quality, durability, and overall value.
Authority #
Authority in construction refers to the power or jurisdiction to make decisions, take actions, or enforce regulations related to a project or activity. This can include authority related to building codes, zoning regulations, or environmental permits. Related terms include power and jurisdiction. Authority is a critical concept in construction, as it can impact the project's compliance, safety, and overall success.
Authorization #
Authorization in construction refers to the formal approval or permission to proceed with a project, design, or activity. This can include authorizations related to building permits, zoning approvals, or environmental permits. Related terms include approval and permission. Authorization is a critical step in the construction process, as it provides a formal mechanism for validating the project's compliance and feasibility.
Automated #
Automated in construction refers to the use of machines, systems, or technologies to perform tasks or operations with minimal human intervention. This can include automated systems for quality control, safety monitoring, or project management. Related terms include machine-based and technology-based. Automation is a growing trend in construction, as it can impact the project's efficiency, productivity, and overall quality.
Autonomy #
Autonomy in construction refers to the degree of independence or self-governance granted to a party, such as a contractor or subcontractor, to make decisions or take actions related to a project or activity. This can include autonomy related to design, construction, or project management. Related terms include independence and self-governance. Autonomy is a critical concept in construction, as it can impact the project's innovation, creativity, and overall success.
Availability #
Availability in construction refers to the degree to which a resource, such as personnel, equipment, or materials, is accessible or usable for a project or activity. This can include availability related to scheduling, logistics, or supply chain management. Related terms include accessibility and usability. Availability is a critical concept in construction, as it can impact the project's efficiency, productivity, and overall success.
Average #
Average in construction refers to a mean or typical value of a parameter, such as cost, time, or quality, that is used as a benchmark or reference point. This can include averages related to project performance, industry standards, or best practices. Related terms include mean and typical value. Average values are commonly used in construction to evaluate project performance, identify trends, and inform decision-making.
Avoidance #
Avoidance in construction refers to the process of preventing or minimizing potential risks, hazards, or negative consequences related to a project or activity. This can include avoidance measures related to safety, quality, or environmental impact. Related terms include prevention and mitigation. Avoidance is a critical concept in construction, as it can impact the project's risk profile, safety record, and overall success.
Award #
An award in construction refers to a formal recognition or acknowledgement of excellence, achievement, or innovation related to a project, design, or activity. This can include awards related to safety, quality, sustainability, or community engagement. Related terms include recognition and acknowledgement. Awards are a powerful motivator in construction, as they can impact the project team's morale, motivation, and overall performance.
Awareness #
Awareness in construction refers to the state of being informed or knowledgeable about a particular issue, risk, or opportunity related to a project or activity. This can include awareness related to safety, quality, environmental impact, or community engagement. Related terms include knowledge and understanding. Awareness is a critical concept in construction, as it can impact the project team's decision-making, risk management, and overall performance.
Backcharge #
A backcharge in construction refers to a charge or claim made by a contractor or subcontractor against another party for work, materials, or services provided. This can include backcharges related to changes, extras, or omissions. Related terms include claim and charge. Backcharges are a common issue in construction, as they can impact the project's budget, schedule, and overall success.
Backup #
A backup in construction refers to a secondary or alternative system, plan, or resource that is used to support or replace a primary system, plan, or resource. This can include backups related to power, water, or communication systems. Related terms include secondary system and alternative plan. Backups are a critical component of construction projects, as they can impact the project's reliability, resilience, and overall success.
Balance #
Balance in construction refers to the state of equilibrium or stability between different factors, such as cost, time, quality, or safety, related to a project or activity. This can include balance related to project management, risk management, or resource allocation. Related terms include equilibrium and stability. Balance is a critical concept in construction, as it can impact the project's overall success, sustainability, and value.
Bar Chart #
A bar chart in construction refers to a graphical representation of data, such as schedules, budgets, or resource allocation, using bars or rectangles to illustrate the information. Related terms include graphical representation and data visualization. Bar charts are a common tool in construction, as they can impact the project team's understanding, communication, and decision-making.
Baseline #
A baseline in construction refers to a reference point or standard against which progress, performance, or quality is measured. This can include baselines related to project schedules, budgets, or quality standards. Related terms include reference point and standard. Baselines are a critical component of construction projects, as they can impact the project team's understanding, communication, and decision-making.
Battery #
A battery in construction refers to a group of equipment, such as cranes, excavators, or pumps, that are used to perform a specific task or operation. Related terms include equipment and fleet. Batteries are a common feature of construction projects, as they can impact the project's efficiency, productivity, and overall success.
Benchmark #
A benchmark in construction refers to a standard or reference point against which performance, quality, or progress is measured. This can include benchmarks related to industry standards, best practices, or project goals. Related terms include standard and reference point. Benchmarks are a critical component of construction projects, as they can impact the project team's understanding, communication, and decision-making.
Benefit #
A benefit in construction refers to a positive outcome, advantage, or value that is derived from a project, design, or activity. This can include benefits related to safety, quality, sustainability, or community engagement. Related terms include advantage and value. Benefits are a critical concept in construction, as they can impact the project's overall success, sustainability, and value.
Bid #
A bid in construction refers to an offer or proposal to perform a specific task, provide a particular service, or supply certain materials or equipment. This can include bids related to construction contracts, procurement, or tendering. Related terms include offer and proposal. Bids are a common feature of construction projects, as they can impact the project's budget, schedule, and overall success.
Binder #
A binder in construction refers to a document or agreement that outlines the terms and conditions of a contract, including the scope of work, payment terms, and completion dates. Related terms include contract document and agreement. Binders are a critical component of construction projects, as they can impact the project team's understanding, communication, and decision-making.
BIM #
BIM refers to Building Information Modeling, which is a digital representation of a building or infrastructure project that includes geometric, spatial, and semantic information. BIM is used to support the design, construction, and operation of built assets. Related terms include digital twin and virtual model. BIM is a growing trend in construction, as it can impact the project's efficiency, productivity, and overall quality.
Blind #
Blind in construction refers to a situation where a party, such as a contractor or subcontractor, is unaware of or lacks knowledge about a particular issue, risk, or opportunity related to a project or activity. Related terms include unaware and lack of knowledge. Blindness can be a critical issue in construction, as it can impact the project team's decision-making, risk management, and overall performance.
Block #
A block in construction refers to a large, solid piece of material, such as concrete, wood, or steel, that is used as a building component or structural element. Related terms include building component and structural element. Blocks are a common feature of construction projects, as they can impact the project's efficiency, productivity, and overall quality.
Body #
A body in construction refers to a organization, association, or group of people that has a specific role, function, or responsibility related to a project or activity. This can include bodies related to industry standards, regulatory compliance, or professional development. Related terms include organization and association. Bodies are a critical component of construction projects, as they can impact the project team's understanding, communication, and decision-making.
Bond #
A bond in construction refers to a formal agreement or guarantee that is provided by a contractor or subcontractor to ensure compliance with the terms and conditions of a contract. This can include bonds related to payment, performance, or maintenance. Related terms include guarantee and security. Bonds are a common feature of construction projects, as they can impact the project's risk profile, safety record, and overall success.
Bonus #
A bonus in construction refers to a payment or incentive that is provided to a contractor or subcontractor for achieving a specific goal, milestone, or target related to a project or activity. This can include bonuses related to safety, quality, or productivity. Related terms include incentive and reward. Bonuses are a common motivator in construction, as they can impact the project team's morale, motivation, and overall performance.
Boundary #
A boundary in construction refers to a physical or imaginary line that marks the limit or extent of a property, site, or area related to a project or activity. This can include boundaries related to land ownership, zoning regulations, or environmental permits. Related terms include limit and extent. Boundaries are a critical component of construction projects, as they can impact the project team's understanding, communication, and decision-making.
Break #
A break in construction refers to a pause or interruption in the work or activity related to a project or site. This can include breaks related to safety, quality, or environmental concerns. Related terms include pause and interruption. Breaks are a common feature of construction projects, as they can impact the project team's efficiency, productivity, and overall success.
Breakdown #
A breakdown in construction refers to a detailed analysis or decomposition of a complex system, process, or structure into its component parts or elements. This can include breakdowns related to cost estimation, scheduling, or risk management. Related terms include analysis and decomposition. Breakdowns are a critical tool in construction, as they can impact the project team's understanding, communication, and decision-making.
Breaker #
A breaker in construction refers to a device or equipment that is used to break, crush, or demolish materials or structures related to a project or site. Related terms include demolition equipment and destruction device. Breakers are a common feature of construction projects, as they can impact the project's efficiency, productivity, and overall quality.
Breathing #
Breathing in construction refers to the process of allowing air to pass through a material or structure, such as a wall or roof, to prevent moisture buildup or condensation. Related terms include airflow and ventilation. Breathing is a critical concept in construction, as it can impact the project's durability, sustainability, and overall quality.
Bridging #
Bridging in construction refers to the process of connecting or spanning a gap or opening in a structure, such as a bridge or a roof, using a beam, arch, or other structural element. Related terms include spanning and connecting.