Common Medical Conditions
Expert-defined terms from the Professional Certificate in Medical Terminology for Health Workers course at London School of Planning and Management. Free to read, free to share, paired with a globally recognised certification pathway.
Acne #
Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged w… #
This can lead to the formation of pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads on the face, neck, chest, and back. Acne can be caused by hormonal changes, genetics, certain medications, and high levels of stress. Treatment for acne may include topical creams, oral medications, and lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet and regular exercise.
Allergy #
An allergy is an immune system response to a foreign substance that is typically… #
Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and certain foods. Symptoms of an allergic reaction can range from mild itching and sneezing to severe respiratory distress and anaphylaxis. Treatment for allergies may include antihistamines, decongestants, and allergy shots to desensitize the immune system.
Anemia #
Anemia is a medical condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells o… #
This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and pale skin. Anemia can be caused by a lack of iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid in the diet, as well as chronic diseases such as kidney failure or cancer. Treatment for anemia may include iron supplements, vitamin injections, or blood transfusions.
Arthritis #
Arthritis is a group of inflammatory joint disorders that cause pain, swelling,… #
The most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. Arthritis can be caused by wear and tear on the joints, autoimmune reactions, or metabolic imbalances. Treatment for arthritis may include pain medications, anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, and joint replacement surgery.
Asthma #
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that causes inflammation and narrowing… #
Asthma attacks can be triggered by allergens, exercise, cold air, or respiratory infections. Treatment for asthma may include bronchodilator inhalers, corticosteroid medications, and lifestyle changes to avoid triggers and improve lung function.
Diabetes #
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels due to… #
There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes, which is an autoimmune condition that destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, and type 2 diabetes, which is linked to obesity, poor diet, and lack of exercise. Diabetes can lead to complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, and nerve damage. Treatment for diabetes may include insulin injections, oral medications, blood sugar monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.
Eczema #
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition characteriz… #
Eczema can be triggered by allergens, irritants, stress, and changes in temperature or humidity. Treatment for eczema may include moisturizing creams, corticosteroid ointments, antihistamines, and lifestyle changes to reduce inflammation and itching.
Hypertension #
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common cardiovascular condition in wh… #
Hypertension can be caused by genetics, obesity, stress, and a diet high in salt and saturated fats. Untreated hypertension can lead to heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Treatment for hypertension may include blood pressure medications, dietary changes, regular exercise, and stress management techniques.
Hypothyroidism #
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough… #
Symptoms of hypothyroidism can include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and depression. Hypothyroidism can be caused by autoimmune disorders, iodine deficiency, or certain medications. Treatment for hypothyroidism may include thyroid hormone replacement therapy to restore hormone levels to normal.
Obesity #
Obesity is a medical condition characterized by excess body fat that increases t… #
Obesity is often defined by a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher. Obesity can be caused by genetic factors, poor diet, lack of exercise, and hormonal imbalances. Treatment for obesity may include dietary changes, increased physical activity, behavioral therapy, and weight loss surgery.
Osteoporosis #
Osteoporosis is a bone disorder characterized by low bone density and increased… #
Osteoporosis is more common in postmenopausal women due to hormonal changes that affect bone strength. Osteoporosis can be caused by aging, hormonal imbalances, vitamin D deficiency, and certain medications. Treatment for osteoporosis may include calcium supplements, vitamin D, bisphosphonate medications, and weight-bearing exercise to improve bone density.
Pneumonia #
Pneumonia is a lung infection that causes inflammation of the air sacs in one or… #
Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or aspiration of food or liquids into the lungs. Treatment for pneumonia may include antibiotics, antiviral medications, oxygen therapy, and rest to allow the lungs to heal.
Psoriasis #
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin condition that causes red, scaly patches… #
Psoriasis can be triggered by genetics, stress, infections, and certain medications. Treatment for psoriasis may include topical corticosteroids, phototherapy, systemic medications, and lifestyle changes to reduce inflammation and promote skin healing.
Stroke #
A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted, leading to brain dama… #
Strokes can be caused by blood clots, ruptured blood vessels, or blockages in the arteries supplying the brain. Treatment for a stroke may include clot-busting medications, rehabilitation therapy, and lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of future strokes.
Ulcer #
An ulcer is an open sore or lesion that forms on the skin, mucous membranes, or… #
The most common types of ulcers are peptic ulcers in the stomach or duodenum, pressure ulcers on the skin, and mouth ulcers in the oral cavity. Ulcers can be caused by infections, injuries, medications, or underlying medical conditions. Treatment for ulcers may include antibiotics, antacids, wound care, and surgery to repair damaged tissues.