Skin biology and physiology
Expert-defined terms from the Advanced Certificate in Tanning and Health course at London School of Planning and Management. Free to read, free to share, paired with a professional course.
Skin Biology and Physiology Glossary #
Skin Biology and Physiology Glossary
Acne #
A common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells, leading to the formation of pimples, blackheads, or whiteheads.
Actinic Keratosis #
Also known as solar keratosis, it is a precancerous skin lesion caused by long-term sun exposure. It appears as a rough, scaly patch on the skin.
Basal Cell Carcinoma #
The most common type of skin cancer that originates in the basal cells of the skin's outermost layer. It usually appears as a pearly bump or a flat, pinkish patch.
Collagen #
A protein that provides structure and elasticity to the skin. It plays a crucial role in maintaining skin firmness and resilience.
Dermis #
The middle layer of the skin that contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It provides support and nourishment to the epidermis.
Elastin #
A protein that allows the skin to stretch and bounce back to its original shape. It helps maintain skin elasticity and firmness.
Erythema #
Skin redness caused by increased blood flow to the area. It can be a sign of inflammation, irritation, or sunburn.
Epidermis #
The outermost layer of the skin that acts as a barrier against external threats. It consists of several sub-layers, including the stratum corneum and the basal layer.
Fibroblast #
A type of cell found in the dermis that produces collagen, elastin, and other proteins essential for skin structure and function.
Hydration #
The process of adding moisture to the skin to maintain its softness and flexibility. Proper hydration is essential for healthy skin.
Inflammation #
The body's natural response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain. Chronic inflammation can damage the skin's structure and accelerate aging.
Keratin #
A tough protein found in the skin, hair, and nails. It provides strength and protection against environmental stressors.
Langerhans Cells #
Specialized immune cells found in the epidermis that help protect the skin from pathogens and foreign substances.
Melanin #
A pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes. It helps protect the skin from UV radiation by absorbing and dissipating sunlight.
Moisturizer #
A skincare product that helps hydrate and nourish the skin. It can improve skin texture, reduce dryness, and enhance the skin's natural protective barrier.
Photodamage #
Skin damage caused by prolonged exposure to UV radiation. It can lead to wrinkles, age spots, and an increased risk of skin cancer.
Sebaceous Gland #
A small gland in the skin that produces sebum, an oily substance that helps moisturize and protect the skin. Overactive sebaceous glands can lead to acne.
Skin Barrier #
The outermost layer of the skin that acts as a protective shield against external threats, such as bacteria, pollutants, and UV radiation.
Skin Cancer #
The abnormal growth of skin cells, usually caused by UV radiation. There are several types of skin cancer, including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
Skin Elasticity #
The skin's ability to stretch and return to its original shape. Factors such as age, sun exposure, and genetics can affect skin elasticity.
Skin Pigmentation #
The color of the skin, determined by the amount of melanin present. Skin pigmentation can vary from light to dark, depending on genetic and environmental factors.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma #
A type of skin cancer that develops in the squamous cells of the skin. It often appears as a red, scaly patch or a wart-like growth.
Stratum Corneum #
The outermost layer of the epidermis that consists of dead skin cells. It acts as a barrier against moisture loss and external threats.
Sunscreen #
A skincare product that helps protect the skin from UV radiation. It works by absorbing or reflecting sunlight to prevent sunburn and skin damage.
Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation #
Invisible rays from the sun that can damage the skin and cause premature aging. UV radiation is classified into UVA, UVB, and UVC rays.
Wound Healing #
The body's natural process of repairing damaged skin. It involves inflammation, tissue regeneration, and remodeling to restore the skin's integrity.
Wrinkles #
Fine lines or creases that develop on the skin as a result of aging, sun exposure, and repetitive facial expressions. Wrinkles are a common sign of skin aging.